Peripherals~

Supported peripherals~

Tasmota Settings~

Tasmota allows for easy selection of peripherals and assignment to GPIO pins.

Configuration is possible in the webUI Configuration - Configure Module page

or by using commands: Module and GPIO, or Template.

Module~

First select desired module for the device (Wait for the restart). Depending on the type of Module, only certain GPIO pins are user configurable. Module Generic (18) has all the GPIOs configurable.

Modules shows supported modules

GPIO~

Assign a component to a GPIO.

• GPIO14 2 configures sensor AM2301 to GPIO14_
• Backlog GPIO14 5; GPIO4 6 sets I²C SCL to GPIO14 and I²C SDA to GPIO4 Tasmota will auto-detect all connected and supported I²C devices. If you have conflicting I²C addresses see I2CDEVICES

GPIOs All shows list of all available components by name and index

For a peripheral to show up you may need to power cycle your device instead of a soft restart.

Template~

Instead of using Module and GPIO you can define everything using Template. Read more...

Additional Options~

Measurement Units~

Temperature units can be set to Celsius or Fahrenheit with SetOption8 command.

Pressure units can be set to hPa or mmHg with SetOption24 command.

Update Interval~

To change the update interval (TelePeriod) of MQTT messages change the TelePeriod. Default interval is 300 seconds but can be set between 10 and 3600 seconds.
TelePeriod 10 will set the update interval to 10 seconds, so the sensor will update 6 times a minute.

Peripheral Specific~

Some peripherals offer, or even require, additional commands. See Sensor commands page for peripheral specific commands.

Examples~

Connect switch~

If you take a Sonoff Basic and connect a switch between pin4 (GND) and pin5 (GPIO14) of the 5 pin programming header you now have a second switch connected to the device. You can set this through the module config page as option Switch1 (9) or from the command line with gpio14 9.

See Buttons and Switches for more information.

Connect jack~

Instead of connecting a switch, you could connect a 4-pin 2.5mm jack, with the pins wired:

You can then plug a sensor into the jack like you would to a Sonoff TH and define what sensor you have connected to GPIO14.

Restrictions~

Others can be used but you have to mind the constraints outlined in this document.

Voltage and Current~

Power Supply~

The power supplied to the device is one of the most important elements for stable device operation. Many devices on the market have barely adequate power supplies for normal operation. Connected peripherals may strain the ability of the power supply on the device to deliver appropriate power to all the components, both on-board as well as externally connected.

Voltage regulation issues typically result in fatal exception fault code 1. You must ensure that the device receives sufficient power (current and appropriate voltage level). Take into account the current that each wired component (e.g., sensor) will draw from the device itself.

Electrical Considerations~

When you switch a GPIO pin to an input and hang a long wire off of it, that wire can pick up stray signals and cause the voltage on the GPIO pin to vary. This can cause the system to think the switch has changed.

To fix this, there are several things you can do.

1. add a pull-up resistor
2. add a bypass capacitor
3. shielding on the wire
4. use twisted pair wiring

A pull-up resistor is a resistor connected between the GPIO pin and 3.3v. The exact value of this is not critical, 4.7k is a common value to use, as is 10k. This ensures that when the switch it open, the GPIO pin will go high.

A bypass capacitor is a small (pF range) capacitor that is connected between the GPIO and ground. This provides a path for any radio signals that are picked up by the wire to go to ground and not confuse the system.

Shielding or using twisted pair wiring are other ways to reduce the effect of radio signals on the system.

Example for 10K Resistor (issue#2708)

ESP8266 In Depth~

Complete document available from https://tttapa.github.io/ESP8266/Chap04%20-%20Microcontroller.html

Digital I/O~

Just like a normal Arduino, the ESP8266 has digital input/output pins (I/O or GPIO, General Purpose Input/Output pins). As the name implies, they can be used as digital inputs to read a digital voltage, or as digital outputs to output either 0V (sink current) or 3.3V (source current).

Usable Pins~

The ESP8266 and ESP8285 have 17 GPIO pins (0-16) but several are reserved or have constraints. Do not use any of the reserved pins. If you do, you might crash your program. On the ESP8266, six pins (GPIO 6 - 11) are used to interface the flash memory (the small 8-legged chip usually right next to the ESP8266). The ESP8285 has its flash memory integrated into the chip which frees up GPIO 9 and 10.

GPIO 1 and 3 are used as TX and RX of the hardware Serial port (UART), so in most cases, you can’t use them as normal I/O while sending/receiving serial data. GPIO 1, 2 and 3 will cause boot failure if LOW on boot - use with care.

Boot Mode Pins~

Some I/O pins have a special function during boot: They select 1 of 3 boot modes:

Note: you don’t have to add an external pull-up resistor to GPIO2, the internal one is enabled at boot.

We have to be sure that these conditions are met by adding external resistors, or the board manufacturer of your board has added them for you. This has some implications, however:

GPIO15 is always pulled low, so you can’t use the internal pull-up resistor. You have to keep this in mind when using GPIO15 as an input to read a switch or connect it to a device with an open-collector (or open-drain) output, like I²C. GPIO0 is pulled high during normal operation, so you can’t use it as a Hi-Z input. GPIO2 can’t be low at boot, so you can’t connect a switch to it. Internal pull-up/-down resistors GPIO 0-15 all have a built-in pull-up resistor, just like in an Arduino. GPIO16 has a built-in pull-down resistor.

PWM~

ESP8266 Unlike most Atmel chips (Arduino), the ESP8266 doesn’t support hardware PWM, however, software PWM is supported on all digital pins. The default PWM range is 10-bits @ 1kHz, but this can be changed (up to >14-bit@1kHz). Check Restrictions.

ESP8266 has only software and supports 5 PWM channels. PWM and PWMi GPIOs are used in two modes depending on SetOption15: either as lights or as pure PWM.

ESP32 has hardware PWM support, named ledc, up to 16 channels depending on CPU type. You can mix lights and pure PWM channels. The first 5 PWM channels are reserved for lights, unless SetOption15 0. For pure PWM GPIOs, you can assign any PWM number, they don't need to be continuous. For example you can use PWM 1/2/3 for a 3-channel RGB light, and PWM 6 & PWM 10 for pure PWM at the same time.

Channels are assigned to GPIOs in a first-in-first-serve way, and PWM GPIOs are assigned first. If ledc channels are exhausted, an error will appear in logs.

The following GPIOs use ledc PWM channels:

Example of PWM console output with 16 PWM assigned. By default PWM range is 0..1023.

RSL: RESULT = {"PWM":{"PWM1":410,"PWM2":286,"PWM3":286,"PWM4":0,"PWM5":0,"PWM6":0,"PWM7":0,"PWM8":0,"PWM9":0,"PWM10":0,"PWM11":0,"PWM12":0,"PWM13":0,"PWM14":0,"PWM15":0,"PWM16":0}}

Auto-phasing of PWM~

(ESP32 only) By default, phases of consecutive PWM channels are disaligned so that a PWM pulse starts when the pulse of the previous PWM channel ends. This helps distributing all pulses over time and has a smoother effect on the power supply.

With auto-phasing:

You can revert this with SetOption134 1; all phases are synced and all pulses start at the same moment.

H-bridge~

H-bridge is an electronic circuit that switches the polarity of a voltage applied to a load. It uses 2 PWM outputs to control the current sent to each pole.

When auto-phasing is enabled, you can use 2 consecutive PWM channels to drive an H-bridge since PWM phases won't overlap - under the condition that the sum of the PWM duty cycles doesn't exceed 1023.

Important: you must always ensure that the sum of both PWM channels is less or equal than 1023. Values over this threshold can damage the circuit, because the phases will overlap opening both poles of the H-bridge and shorting the power supply.

Analog Input~

The ESP8266 has a single analog input, with an input range of 0 - 1.0V. If you supply 3.3V, for example, you will damage the chip. Some boards like the NodeMCU have an on-board resistive voltage divider, to get an easier 0 - 3.3V range. You could also just use a trimpot as a voltage divider.

The ADC (analog to digital converter) has a resolution of 10 bits.

Communication~

Serial~

The ESP8266 has two hardware UARTS (Serial ports): UART0 on pins 1 and 3 (TX0 and RX0 resp.), and UART1 on pins 2 and 8 (TX1 and RX1 resp.), however, GPIO8 is used to connect the flash chip. This means that UART1 can only transmit data.

UART0 also has hardware flow control on pins 15 and 13 (RTS0 and CTS0 resp.). These two pins can also be used as alternative TX0 and RX0 pins.

I²C~

ESP8266 doesn’t have a hardware TWI (Two Wire Interface) but it is implemented in software. This means that you can use pretty much any two digital pins. By default, the I²C library uses pin 4 as SDA and pin 5 as SCL. (The data sheet specifies GPIO2 as SDA and GPIO14 as SCL.) The maximum speed is approximately 450kHz.

SPI~

The ESP8266 has one SPI connection available to the user, referred to as HSPI. It uses GPIO14 as CLK, 12 as MISO, 13 as MOSI and 15 as Slave Select (SS). It can be used in both Slave and Master mode (in software).

GPIO Overview~